Abstract
This study presents an in-depth analysis of air quality in Astana, Kazakhstan, utilizing both mobile and stationary air monitoring systems over a two-year period. The research focuses on tracking key air pollutants, namely carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), and sulfur dioxide (SO₂), providing a comparative assessment of seasonal trends and the sources of pollution, which include transportation, industrial emissions, and domestic heating during the cold season. The study emphasizes the significance of monitoring systems in urban environments to understand better the impact of air pollution on public health and the effectiveness of sustainable interventions. One of the major insights from this research is the comparison between seasonal variations in pollutant levels and the city's transition toward sustainable energy practices, such as increased gasification and the use of electric transportation, which has already demonstrated a positive impact on reducing emissions during peak heating periods. The results show that while Astana has improved air quality, air pollution remains a concern, especially in winter due to the increased use of solid fuel. This paper emphasizes the importance of real-time data from mobile sensors and suggests their wider use to complement stationary sensors for better monitoring. In addition to pollutant tracking, the study delves into the health implications of prolonged exposure to air pollutants, particularly in urban areas. The study concludes by advocating for expanded use of mobile monitoring systems and advanced data analytics to provide actionable insights for policymakers, urban planners, and public health officials.