Abstract
Molecular-genetic analysis of soybean yield and yield components under drought is a crucial element for the development of effective breeding strategies and sustainable agricultural production. The aim of this review is to critically analyse current data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and identified genetic loci, SNP markers, and candidate genes associated with yield components in soybean in dry conditions with limited water supply and adequate watering (controls). In the results, 346 genetic associations, and 229 candidate genes with KEGG-based potential functions were sufficiently described in published papers and selected for the current study. Three statistically significant metabolic pathways were identified with isoflavonoid biosynthesis, glycosaminoglycan degradation and cysteine and methionine metabolism. The main limitation of the presented analysis was found in the low level of heritability for the studied traits, together with human factors such as carrying out and interpreting GWAS affecting the results presented in the current study. Additionally, complex multigenic controls were reported for the studied traits in soybean and a high level of genotype × environment interactions. Nevertheless, the presented data provide a basis for developing molecular strategies to improve soybean yield in conjunction with better potential drought tolerance.