Abstract
The article explores the influence of philosophical ideas on the development of a new applied field of modern science — mediation and ethnomediation. The authors justify the relevance of mediation by citing the rising level of conflict in modern societies, driven by both psychological factors and socio-economic changes. They emphasize that mediation is becoming a key tool for reducing tension. Particular attention is paid to Kazakhstan, where mediation is being actively implemented across legal, social, and interethnic spheres. The institutionalization of this process is linked not only to the influence of Western practices but also to internal needs for effective conflict management, as evidenced by the initiatives of President K.-J.K. Tokayev. The article traces the philosophical foundations of mediation from antiquity to the present day. It analyzes the ideas of Socrates (maieutics as a dialogue method), Aristotle (the «golden mean» and rhetoric), Cicero (consensus through rhetoric), Hobbes (rational compromise), Kant (categorical imperative), Habermas (communicative ac-tion), Buber («I-Thou» dialogue). The main conclusion is that philosophy — ranging from ancient ideas to twentieth-century theories — has shaped the value foundation of mediation, transforming it into a tool not only for dispute resolution but also for strengthening social harmony. Keywords: mediation, ethnomediation, philosophy, conflict, dialogue, justice, compromise, communication, balance of interests, consensus