Abstract
The article examines the use of toponymic names in historical epics and their historical and cultural content. In the course of the study, geographical names are classified according to their geographical characteristics into oronyms, hydronyms, and oikonyms, and their structural and semantic features are analyzed. It is established that the use of toponyms such as Altai, Ulytau, Karatau, Saryarka, Balkhash, Alakol, Turkistan, Burabay, Kyzylzhar, and others in the texts of historical epics reflects historical events, the traditional living space of the people, and their ethnocultural worldview. Linguistic components denoting natural features in the structure of toponyms reveal the ways in which the people perceived and named their natural environment. The results of the study demonstrate that toponyms in historical epics are not merely geographical names but linguistic units that preserve historical memory and national cultural information.