Abstract
global energy transition accelerates industrial green upgrading and exposes development weaknesses of Kazakhstan's resource-based enterprises. Innovation serves as the core driver for their sustainable transformation. Taking Kazakh enterprises as the research object, this paper explores sustainable innovation paths from technology, organization and business model dimensions, and identifies key barriers including capital shortages, talent scarcity and defective innovation ecosystems. The study shows that single technological innovation cannot support long-term corporate development. Only a localized multi-dimensional collaborative innovation system can resolve resource-based development dilemmas. The results offer references for green upgrading of Kazakh enterprises and enrich research on Central Asian corporate sustainable innovation.