Abstract
The proposed smart automatic braking system is designed to mitigate accidents caused by driver negligence, such as delayed response, speeding, distracted driving, and other human errors. The system continuously monitored vehicle speed using a Hall sensor and detected obstacle distance using an ultrasonic sensor. The inputs were fed to an Arduino microcontroller, which estimated collision risk and determined the braking action. An automated braking system was built in to take over the brakes if the driver did not brake within the allotted time, reducing the potential for collision. The system worked in tandem with the driver, allowing him to drive normally while enabling the system to take over in an emergency braking scenario. In operation, the system detected an obstacle within a set safety distance, visually warned the driver and slowly reduced speed. When the distance to the obstacle was critical, an audible alarm sounded, and the brakes applied automatically, stopping the vehicle safely. This sequence of detection, warning and autonomous braking is an intelligent, enhanced vehicle safety feature that reduces the risk of serious collisions and improves driving reliability. Additionally, the system's size and cost were reduced, making it feasible to implement in passenger vehicles, especially in urban traffic situations where timely obstacle detection is crucial.