Abstract
Every course delivered through a learning management system (LMS) opens with an electronic syllabus. Although what we mean by electronic syllabus is rarely examined on its own terms. This integrative literature review attempts to group research papers on electronic syllabus that have developed largely in isolation: 1) research on the syllabus as a pedagogical document, 2) research on learning management systems and technology integration, and 3) the literature on the digital transformation of Kazakhstani higher education. The synthesis of the reviewed literature groups the evidence into five pedagogical clusters: alignment of outcomes, activities and assessment; transparency of expectations; learner-centred framing and tone; structure, navigation and multimodality; and governance, standardisation and analytics. From these clusters the article proposes a three-layer model of the electronic syllabus, comprising design, communication and use. Astana IT University serves as an illustrative setting but not a site of field research. This article concludes with a research agenda built around document analysis of LMS-hosted syllabi and studies of their use.