Abstract
Well water is widely used as a primary source of drinking water in rural and remote settlements. However, the quality of such water often does not meet sanitary and hygienic standards due to the presence of dissolved iron, manganese, nitrates, and microbiological contaminants. In this regard, the application of effective technologies for sanitary purification is required to ensure the safety of well water for human consumption. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of technologies for the sanitary treatment of well water using physicochemical methods. The research analyzes modern approaches to groundwater treatment and considers the possibilities of their application for improving the quality of well water. Particular attention is paid to such methods as coagulation, filtration, and adsorption, which allow the removal of suspended solids, dissolved impurities, and organic contaminants. The results of the analysis show that the efficiency of water treatment technologies depends on the nature and concentration of pollutants as well as on the specific conditions of the treatment process. The combined use of physicochemical methods significantly reduces the concentration of contaminants and improves the sanitary quality of water. The study concludes that the application of integrated treatment technologies can effectively improve the quality of well water and ensure its compliance with drinking water safety requirements. The obtained results may be used in the development of local water treatment systems for rural settlements and individual water supply sources. In addition, the study revealed that the applied technologies are economically efficient and accessible for use in rural areas. The proposed methods make it possible to organize local water treatment systems and contribute to solving the problem of providing the population with safe drinking water.