Abstract
The article considers caves as specific geoecosystems with high scientific, cognitive and recreational value. The relevance of the research is due to the growing interest in scientific and educational tourism, as well as the need to develop scientifically sound approaches to the use and protection of cave sites in Western Kazakhstan. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive assessment of the caves of Western Kazakhstan as objects of scientific and educational tourism, as well as substantiation of the possibilities of their rational use, taking into account environmental requirements and scientific significance. The study is based on materials from field speleological surveys of caves in West Kazakhstan and Atyrau regions. Methods of morphological description of caves, analysis of karst relief, photo documentation, fixation of parameters of underground cavities, as well as assessment of anthropogenic impact were used. Additionally, SWOT analysis was used to identify the potential and limitations of tourism development based on cave sites. It has been established that the caves under study (Konyskerey, Kenenbay, Utemis-Kystau) are characterized by a variety of genesis, morphology and microclimatic conditions, which determines their high scientific and tourist value. It has been revealed that they can serve as a base for the development of scientific and educational routes, including geological and speleological research. At the same time, significant environmental risks associated with anthropogenic stress (pollution, vandalism, microclimate disturbance) have been recorded. The SWOT analysis showed the presence of significant tourism potential in the region, while at the same time there are infrastructural, organizational and environmental constraints. The interpretation of the results indicates the need to integrate scientific research, tourism activities and environmental protection measures. The caves of Western Kazakhstan are promising sites for the development of scientific and educational tourism, with high natural and scientific value. A rational combination of tourism and environmental protection is a key factor in preserving caves as natural heritage sites and ensuring their sustainable use.