Abstract
Introduction. The effective use of agricultural land is a key factor in ensuring sustainable agricultural development and food security. In the context of increasing anthropogenic pressure and climate variability, there is a growing need for modern tools to assess land-use efficiency. Geoinformation technologies and remote sensing provide reliable methods for monitoring vegetation cover and analyzing spatial patterns of land productivity. Materials and methods. This study is based on the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and satellite imagery (Landsat) for the years 2015, 2020, and 2025. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated to assess vegetation condition and land productivity. Spatial analysis was carried out using ArcGIS Pro, including classification and comparative analysis of NDVI maps. Results and discussion. The analysis revealed significant spatial differentiation of vegetation cover across the Almaty region. High NDVI values are observed in mountainous and foothill areas, while low values dominate in arid and semi-arid zones. The comparison of NDVI data showed an increase in vegetation density in 2020 compared to 2015, followed by a more heterogeneous pattern in 2025, indicating both improvement and degradation processes. Conclusions. The results confirm that NDVI is an effective indicator for assessing agricultural land use. The integration of GIS and remote sensing technologies allows for objective monitoring of vegetation dynamics and provides a scientific basis for improving land-use efficiency and sustainable land management.