Abstract
This scientific article investigates the phenomena of harassment, stalking, and latent forms of gender discrimination in the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK). The dynamics of RK legislation are analyzed, including the criminalization of stalking. The authors of the scientific article examine the systemic gap between declarative constitutional norms on the equality of individuals and citizens and law enforcement practice. The article presents statistical data from law enforcement agencies, results of sociological surveys, and case studies of offenses. The evolution of legal approaches to understanding the essence of gender equality is examined in detail. The authors provide a critical assessment of existing definitions of direct and indirect discrimination based on sex, identifying gaps in the country's current legislation. The article argues that the declarative nature of some norms and the absence of robust procedural mechanisms reduce the effectiveness of protecting victims of discrimination. As a solution, the authors propose a program for reforming the normative legal framework of the RK, which includes the introduction of an anti-discrimination expertise institute for draft laws, optimization of the burden of proof in court, and strengthening the role of the Commissioner for Human Rights. Gender equality is the main prerequisite for the comprehensive modernization of the legal system and sustainable development of the Republic of Kazakhstan. This research article aims to provide a detailed theoretical and legal analysis of the definition of gender inequality in terms of national legislation and leading international standards. The study also reveals systemic gaps in the social and labor sphere and barriers that hinder the effective protection of citizens' rights. Based on the results of the study, the article reflects the main prospects for legislative reforms aimed at improving the legal mechanisms for ensuring equal rights in the Republic of Kazakhstan.