LIVING AND LABOR CONDITIONS OF THOSE DEPORTED FROM THE NORTH CAUCASUS TO SOUTHERN KAZAKHSTAN: BASED ON ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTS OF 1944»

Barshagul Isabek, Л.С. Динашева, М.Т. Тулеев, Gulnara Bestibaevna Kozgambaeva

2026

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DOI 10.47649/vau.26.v81.i2.03
Data confidence 70 medium
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Abstract

The article explores the tragic fate of peoples deported from the North Caucasus to South Kazakhstan in 1943– 1944. It examines the causes of forced relocation, migration conditions, settlement, labor, and its social, economic, and demographic consequences. The study is based on archival documents, including reports of the Regional Department of the People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs (NKVD), records on the resettlement and employment of special settlers, references, and statistical data. The deportations occurred in several stages beginning in late 1943 and affected Karachays, Chechens, Ingush, Balkars, and other peoples. During the relocation, special settlers faced severe conditions, including food shortages and inadequate medical care, resulting in high mortality. Upon arrival, many were housed in barracks, barns, and unsuitable premises. The article analyzes their labor conditions and difficulties adapting to local life. Special settlers worked in agriculture, industry, and construction, demonstrating high productivity despite restricted rights, low wages, and food shortages. The study also considers the social and psycho-emotional consequences of deportation, including loss of homeland, social isolation, alienation, and diminished hope of return. The aim of the study is to identify and analyze, based on archival and statistical materials, the specific features of the forced deportation of North Caucasian peoples to South Kazakhstan in 1943–1944, examine the conditions of their displacement, settlement, and labor, and determine its consequences for the deported population and the region. The findings reveal significant socio-economic and demographic consequences, including the destruction of traditional lifestyles, loss of homeland, demographic disruption, and long-term rehabilitation challenges. The study demonstrates that deportation not only caused severe human suffering but also transformed the social and economic structure of the receiving region. The article emphasizes the importance of further research to restore historical justice, preserve collective memory, and assess the regional and national consequences of forced deportation.