Abstract
With digitalization and the expansion of international communication, the problem of translating Kazakh toponyms into English is becoming particularly relevant. Geographical names are not only means of spatial identification, but also important carriers of historical memory, cultural information and national identity. The purpose of this study is to analyze the variability of the transmission of Kazakh geographical names in English-language international discourse, as well as to identify factors influencing the unification processes and the choice of translation strategies. The research material includes English-language texts of international mass media, documents of international organizations, digital cartographic platforms, tourist resources, and online encyclopedias. The results of the study showed that the variability of the transmission of Kazakh toponyms is due to historical, political, phonetic and digital factors, as well as the lack of a single international standard for the romanization of geographical names. It is established that international media and digital platforms have a significant impact on the formation of English-language versions of Kazakh toponyms and the processes of their dissemination in the global information space.