Abstract
The article analyzes hazardous technological processes arising during oil refining based on a riskological approach. The aim of the study is to substantiate and practically apply methods for identifying, assessing, and managing technological risks using the Atyrau Oil Refinery as a case study. The main sources of technogenic risks and their manifestation at different stages of the production cycle are examined. A comprehensive set of risk assessment methods, including PHA, What-If analysis, FMEA, ETA, FTA, and Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA), is applied. Based on the analysis of emergency incidents recorded between 2021 and 2024, the most vulnerable elements of the technological system were identified, and a structured model of technological vulnerability was developed. The study proposes practical measures aimed at reducing residual risk and supporting the proactive development of an industrial safety management system.