Abstract
The article examines territorial planning as an effective instrument for addressing transboundary environmental challenges in the Irtysh River basin. The study is based on the basin and land-scape planning approaches, which provide a comprehensive assessment of natural systems and support the development of sustainable environmental management strategies. Particular atten-tion is paid to the current ecological condition of the Irtysh basin within Kazakhstan under the influence of both natural and anthropogenic factors. The research analyzes key environmental issues, including decreasing river discharge, transboundary water use, pollution from industrial and agricultural activities, hydrological alterations, and changes in fish biodiversity. The impacts of economic activities on river ecosystems are assessed, while the potential consequences of increasing water withdrawals in the upper reaches of the Irtysh are discussed in the context of regional environmental security and sustainable development. Based on the obtained results, the authors propose recommendations for improving territorial planning, promoting water-saving technologies, implementing environmentally sound water management practices, and strength-ening international cooperation in the management of transboundary water resources. The find-ings may serve as a scientific basis for sustainable development policies and territorial planning strategies aimed at preserving the ecological stability of transboundary river basins.