Abstract
The article presents the results of comparative studies evaluating the effectiveness of various methods for diagnosing pregnancy in mares of the Kazakh breed of the “Jabe” type. The study compared a traditional hormonal method—bioassay using laboratory mice, rectal and transabdominal ultrasonographic examination (ultrasound), as well as a new biotechnological method – enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The experiment was conducted on 39 mares of different age groups. The results showed that the efficiency of pregnancy detection was 71.8% using the traditional method, 82.1% with rectal ultrasound, 17.9% with transabdominal ultrasound, and 87.2% with ELISA. It has been established that the serum FSH level in pregnant mares is significantly higher than in non-pregnant animals, indicating a high hormonal status in mares during early pregnancy. The developed biotechnological diagnostic method, based on determining the concentration of FSH in blood serum on the 50th day after insemination, provides high accuracy, minimal invasiveness, and reproducibility of results. The introduction of ELISA into horse breeding practice contributes to improving reproductive efficiency, timely selection of pregnant donors, and optimization of breeding programs.