Abstract
Objective: To analyze urinary system function in athletes from the Karaganda Region of Kazakhstan, considering genetic polymorphisms. Methods: A total of 103 male athletes aged 18-45 years were examined, including handball, football, hockey, and combat sports athletes. The examination included genetic analysis of polymorphisms in the ACE rs4341, ADRB2 rs1042713 and rs1042714, AGT rs699, NOS3 rs2070744, and AQP rs1049305 genes; biochemical blood tests; bioimpedance analysis; and heart rate variability assessment. Results: In 14.6% of athletes, the risk of dehydration during physical exertion was above average (homozygous carriers of the AQP rs1049305 C/C genotype). In 22.3% of the athletes, creatinine levels exceeded the upper limit of the reference range. In 30.1% of the athletes, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) corresponded to mildly decreased kidney function. The proportion of individuals with GFR values characteristic of mildly decreased kidney function was higher among combat sports athletes. The highest hydration index values, indicative of moderate edema, were detected in the legs. The proportion of homozygous carriers of polymorphisms in the ACE, ADRB2, AGT, and NOS3 genes associated with increased blood pressure risk ranged from 7.7% to 36.9%. Conclusion: Renal dysfunction was identified in several athletes, along with genotype-associated risks, suggesting the need to investigate possible causes and implement preventive measures. Keywords: Urinary system, creatinine, urea, glomerular filtration rate, bioimpedance analysis, sports genomics.