Abstract
Background. Thyroid diseases are among the most common endocrine disorders worldwide. Surgical treatment remains an important therapeutic option for nodular goiter, diffuse toxic goiter, and malignant thyroid tumors. The introduction of modern surgical technologies may improve postoperative outcomes; however, their effectiveness in local clinical practice requires further evaluation. Materials and Methods. A retrospective study was conducted on 58 patients who underwent surgical treatment between 2021 and 2025. The main outcomes included operative time, postoperative complications, length of hospital stay, and early clinical results. Results. Female patients predominated in the study population. Although conventional surgical approaches were more frequently used, modern minimally invasive techniques were also widely implemented. The overall complication rate was 18.97%, with most complications occurring after conventional surgery. Modern techniques were associated with favorable safety outcomes. Conclusion. Modern surgical methods demonstrated acceptable safety and favorable early postoperative outcomes in the management of thyroid diseases.