Abstract
This article provides a narrative literature review of modern burner devices for biogas combustion. The analysis shows that the efficiency of biogas combustion — a fuel with a variable CH₄ content (40–80%), the presence of CO₂ and corrosive impurities — is fundamentally determined by the design characteristics of the burner. The review systematises and compares six classes of burners: infrared (GIK-8), premix, porous, vortex, water-cooled and micromodular. Quantitative data are provided on specific NOₓ and CO emissions, thermal power ranges, flame stability and adaptability to fuel composition. It is shown that none of the types considered possesses the versatility to fully meet industrial requirements. Infrared burners provide the best environmental performance with a stable gas composition; porous burners demonstrate potential with ultra-lean mixtures; swirl and water- cooled designs are effective in high-power installations, but are characterised by increased NOₓ emissions and design complexity. Key areas for improvement have been identified: intelligent combustion process control, the use of catalytic and porous matrices, hybrid flame stabilisation schemes, and integration into cogeneration plants. The results of the analysis can be used in the design of biogas-based power plants in the agro-industrial, municipal and industrial sectors.