Abstract
The article examines the key problems of municipal solid waste management in the Republic of Kazakhstan and develops recommendations for addressing them. The relevance of the study stems from the growing volume of waste generation, insufficient levels of sorting and recycling, and problems in waste collection, transportation and landfilling. Particular attention is paid to developing the waste sorting system, expanding the recycling of secondary raw materials, improving infrastructure and strengthening state regulation. The information base comprises data from the Bureau of National Statistics and the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2021-2025. It is shown that while the volume of municipal waste increased by 36.4%, the amount of sorted waste grew by only 28.8%, and the sorting share declined from 29.7% to 28.1%, which keeps the load on landfills high. Based on the analysis of approaches and problems, the study concludes that a comprehensive, multifactor approach covering economic, environmental, technological and organisational factors is required.