Abstract
The emergence of zoonotic RNA viruses poses a critical threat to global public health, with approximately 75% of new infectious diseases originating from animal reservoirs. While global evolutionary trends are well- documented, the intersection of viral mutational dynamics and regional ecological factors - particularly in Central Asia remains insufficiently integrated, hindering effective biosafety surveillance. This review follows the PRISMA guidelines, synthesizing molecular-genetic data from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus to analyze the mutational plasticity of RNA viruses and their circulation in natural reservoirs. Our analysis characterizes the molecular drivers of interspecies barriers and demonstrates that Kazakhstan’s unique biogeographic landscape acts as a catalyst for region-specific viral evolution. We conclude that integrating «One Health» frameworks with metagenomic surveillance is essential to mitigate future zoonotic risks in the region.