Abstract
The article provides an overview of the current epidemiological situation regarding the spread of synthetic drugs among young people, as well as a scientific analysis of the psychological mechanisms of the problem – especially the role of self-regulation and inhibitory control. Although more than 18,000 people are officially registered as drug-dependent in Kazakhstan, experts state that the real figure is several times higher (3–5 times) [1]. 75% of synthetic drug users are young people under the age of 30 [2]. The study examined the effectiveness of physical education and sports in the prevention of drug addiction at six levels (neuroendocrine, neurochemical, psychological, emotional-volitional, behavioral, and socio-cognitive). The main results: 6 weeks of aerobic exercise reduce stress-induced cortisol release by 27%. A 30-minute run increases plasma β-endorphin levels by 2–3 times. A 12-week sports program reduces drug craving by 52%, increases self-control by 38%, and improves impulsive decision-making by 2.5 times. Furthermore, while boredom accounts for 44% of reasons for first-time drug use, organized sports participation of more than 5 hours per week reduces the likelihood of drug use by 3 times. In conclusion, the multi-level neurobiological and psychosocial effects of sports are substantiated, and scientifically grounded recommendations are given for inclusion in Kazakhstan's Comprehensive Anti-Drug Action Plan for 2026–2028 (mandatory weekly volume of sports, a 12-week intervention for drug-prone youth, neurobiological monitoring, development of extreme sports as a preventive channel).