Abstract
Abstract This study explores the mechanisms of charge transfer to suspended particles – specifically sulfur, graphite, TiO 2 , and copper – under cathodic polarization in aqueous sulfuric acid solutions. The experiments were carried out in an electrochemical cell with separated electrode compartments. The results showed that sulfur and TiO 2 particles, being dielectric in nature, remain largely inert and do not participate in charge transfer. In contrast, graphite and copper particles exhibited pronounced negative potential shifts, indicating their active involvement in electron transport upon colliding with the current-collector electrode. Copper, as a metallic conductor, was found to be the most effective, functioning as an auxiliary current collector. These results confirm that the electrical properties of suspended particles determine their electrochemical behavior and can be used to enhance the performance, i.e., the efficiency of electrochemical processes.