Enhancing filler for elastomeric compositions based on sunflower husk carbonizates

Aigerim K. Kaiaidarova, Valeria Bobrova, Andrei Kasperovich, Sergey Lezhnev, Evgeniy Panin, Sergey Nechipurenko, Sergey Efremov, Mukhambetkali M. Burkitbayev

Scientific Reports, 2026

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DOI 10.1038/s41598-026-73038-0
Data confidence 70 medium
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Abstract

The growing interest in plant-based materials has contributed to the development of elastomer compositions containing biomass as a new component for rubbers. Materials obtained by carbonization of sunflower husks at various temperatures (from 400 to 800 °C) and processing media (argon and oxidative) were used in a model rubber mixture based on butadiene‑nitrile rubber of special purpose BNKS-18AMN at various dosages (5.0; 10.0 and 15.0 phr). The purpose of this study was to evaluate how the temperature and pyrolysis medium, as well as the dosage of biomass, affect the technological, physical-mechanical and structural properties of vulcanizates. Mechanical properties, including conditional tensile strength, relative elongation at break and Shore A hardness, were determined. The density of cross-linking of rubbers was determined by the equilibrium swelling method. The studied materials had a significant effect on the rheological and physical-mechanical properties: biomaterials obtained in both inert and oxidative media led to an increase in the Mooney viscosity and density of cross-linking of rubbers with an increase in the dosage, and also increased the rigidity of the system, thereby leading to an increase in strength and Shore A hardness compared to the model unfilled composition. The maximum values of physical-mechanical indicators were possessed by rubbers containing sunflower husk carbonizates obtained in an inert medium at 700 and 800 °C. At the same time, a decrease in the resistance of rubber mixtures to premature sub-vulcanization was determined, especially when using material obtained in an oxidative medium, due to the high amount of metal impurities acting as additional activators of vulcanization and an increase in the time to reach the vulcanization optimum due to the adsorption of vulcanizing system components on the surface of biomaterials. The study also examined the effect of elevated temperatures and air oxygen on vulcanizates, which allowed to obtain insights into the changes in the elastic-strength properties of elastomer compositions with biomaterials under conditions simulating aging.