Abstract
This article examines scientifically grounded approaches to improving the reliability, strength, and durability of Electric Submersible Pump (ESP) units widely used in oil well operations. The relevance of the study is determined by the harsh and aggressive operating conditions, including exposure to corrosive environments, abrasive mechanical impurities, as well as thermal and vibrational loads. A comprehensive analysis of the main causes of premature pump failure was conducted, revealing that corrosion-mechanical wear and erosion processes are the dominant factors. Based on the results of metallographic studies, statistical analysis, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling, effective directions for enhancing the operational performance of ESP units are proposed. Key solutions include the application of advanced wear- and corrosion-resistant materials (including composites and alloyed materials), optimization of the hydraulic design of pump sections, and the implementation of variable frequency drives to ensure adaptive operating modes. It is demonstrated that the integrated application of these measures leads to reduced vibration levels, decreased wear intensity, and extended maintenance intervals. The practical significance of the study lies in increasing the mean time between failures and reducing operational costs, ultimately contributing to improved efficiency of hydrocarbon production.