Abstract
The article addresses the development of labour legislation in the Republic of Kazakhstan with particular attention to social partnership and the distribution of legal responsibilities between employees and employers. The analysis focuses on whether the existing legal framework provides sufficient conditions for effective interaction between the parties to employment relations and for the protection of their respective interests. Particular attention is given to shortcomings in the current regulation of social partnership, collective bargaining, and the settlement of labour disputes. The research relies on comparative legal analysis, a systematic examination of labour-law provisions, formal legal interpretation, and analytical assessment of the relevant regulatory framework. The results indicate that the existing legal mechanisms do not fully ensure an effective balance between the interests and obligations of employees and employers. On this basis, the article develops proposals aimed at improving collective bargaining procedures, reinforcing legal safeguards for the resolution of labour disputes, and further adapting Kazakhstan’s labour legislation to contemporary requirements and internationally recognized approaches. The scientific value of the research lies in advancing theoretical approaches to labor law reform and improving legal mechanisms aimed at ensuring social justice. The findings may be applied in legislative development, law enforcement practice, and further academic research in the field of labor law.