Abstract
This paper presents the results of a comprehensive investigation of the spatial and temporal deformation behavior of hydraulic structures at the Kapchagay Hydroelectric Power Plant located in a seismically active region of southeastern Kazakhstan. The research focuses on improving operational reliability through the implementation of an advanced geodetic monitoring framework integrating GNSS observations, robotic total stations, laser measurement technologies, and an original benchmark stabilization concept. A redesigned local geodetic reference network was developed to ensure long-term stability of control points and to reduce systematic and centering errors. A newly engineered deep-foundation forced-centering benchmark was introduced into operational practice, significantly enhancing coordinate determination accuracy and measurement reproducibility. The innovative character of the proposed network configuration and benchmark system is confirmed by patents issued in the Republic of Kazakhstan.