Abstract
Relevance: The new classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors by the World Health Organization (WHO) based on the histological and molecular features allowed a new area for research. Molecularclassification of brain cancer is based on the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) enzyme, which is crucial inconverting isocitrate into alpha-ketoglutarate during the citric acid cycle.The study aimed to provide an overview of the classification of CNS by WHO and diagnostic methods ofbrain tumors.Results: The article describes brain tumor diagnostic methods, including tissue biopsy, magnetic resonanceimaging (MRI), and liquid biopsy, and reviews molecular biomarkers comprising alterations of genes associated with gliomas and epigenetic changes that reduce the expression of particular genes. The authorsconsider how these findings can be used in treatment.Conclusion: Molecular reprogramming in cells with mutated IDH causes neomorphic mutations, whichleads to changes abundance of alpha-ketoglutarate (αKG) and D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG), an increasewhich stimulates the formation of tumors. Targeted therapies can reduce the concentration of this oncometabolite in cells.Key words: glioma, glioblastoma, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG).