Abstract
The article researches the concept of taxonomy as a general theory of the classification of complex systems, which is widely used in various fields of knowledge. Taxonomy is the form of systematization of knowledge, when the entire field of the studied objects is presented in the form of a system of classes or groups over which these objects are distributed based on the similarity of their specific properties. The taxonomy of educational goals of the American scientist B. Bloom is described, which is actively used in the international educational field, including Kazakhstan. B. Bloom determined a six-level hierarchy of categories of educational goals: knowledge of (specific material, terminology, facts, definitions, criteria, etc.); understanding (explanation, interpretation, extrapolation); practice (use of knowledge, skills); analysis (establishing relationships between elements, determining the principles of system construction); synthesis (making a plan, system of actions); evaluation (prediction based on available data, external criteria). The Bloom’s taxonomy was practically applied in the textbook of Russian language for the 10th grade of the social sciences direction. The system of tasks is described, which is aimed at the formation of reading competencies – search, extraction, analysis, interpretation of information, its use in solving practical problems. Methods of teaching the Russian language which are based on B. Bloom’s taxonomy and given in the textbook, are aimed at mastering students’ functional literacy, which allows them to adapt successfully in information overwhelming world.