Abstract
The article examines vegetation types and the general floristic characteristics of the vegetation cover of the Akmola Region of Kazakhstan based on field geobotanical studies conducted in 2022–2025 in the Atbasar, Akkol, Esil, Egindikol, and Zhaksy districts. The main focus is on the typological characterization of steppe and forest-steppe vegetation together with the accompanying floristic diversity under conditions of natural and anthropogenic landscape mosaicity. The scientific problem addressed is the lack of comparable up-to-date field data on vegetation in northern Kazakhstan, especially in areas where steppe, meadow, wetland, and halophytic habitats occur together. The aim of the study was to identify and describe the main vegetation types of the region and to provide a generalized floristic characterization based on stratified surveys and comparative habitat analysis. In each district, the researchers examined upland steppes, floodplain and dry meadows, birch-aspen groves, lakeside solonetz and solonchak sites, as well as edge communities of agricultural landscapes. Descriptions were made using the Braun-Blanquet method, with records of species composition, projective cover, vertical stratification, and dominant species. The results show the predominance of feather grass-fescue and wormwood-grass steppes, while meadow, coastal-aquatic, wetland, and halophytic communities form an ecological mosaic. The novelty of the study lies in the integrated comparative description of vegetation types in five districts together with their floristic diversity using unified field approaches, which provides a current basis for mapping, monitoring, and biodiversity assessment.