Abstract
The article examines the process of forming and reorganizing schools in the villages and districts of the Semipalatinsk Province in the 1920s. The research is based on archival materials, statistical data, and official reportsthat illustrate the development of the educational system in the region. The article provides a detailed analysis of the measures implemented in the educational sphere based on the decrees of the People's Commissariats of Education and the directives of local authorities. The authors highlight both positive and negative aspects of the new educationalpolicy in the region. Special attention is given to the process of expanding the network of primary rural schools, their material and technical conditions, as well as the degree of influence of the authorities and the rural community on the development of rural education. The article comprehensively examines the initiatives aimed at establishing primary schools, communal schools, peasant youth schools (PYS), and pedagogical courses. Significant attention is paid to archival data reflecting the challenges faced by representatives of nomadic villages in the process of education. A separate focus is placed on the role of local authorities and the rural public, who played a significant role inpromoting education and cultural enlightenment. The article addresses the problems faced by the organizers of the educational process, including the shortage of personnel, educational materials, insufficient number of school buildings, as well as the impact of political and economic factors on the development of the educational system in the region. In conclusion, it is noted that Soviet educational policy not only charted a new course in the field of education but also significantly influenced the upbringing of the rural population. It is concluded that the Soviet educationalsystem covered the entire region and laid the foundation for the subsequent development of a secular educational system in the republic.