Abstract
Accounting for climatic conditions in the design of buildings in urbanized areas is gaining practical importance, especially in the context of climate change and exacerbating extreme weather events. The purpose of the study was to systematize architectural and urban planning methods and techniques for protecting buildings from climatic impacts and to develop a classification of climatic adaptation tools by scale levels. The adopted qualitative and quantitative research approach includes literature analysis, case analysis of eight architectural objects from six countries representing four types of macroclimate, and an expert survey of 72 architects and designers. The results of the study outline the influence of macroclimate on the main parameters of development and demonstrate the importance of macroclimate-forming factors. Architectural objects are proposed to be classified into three groups: thermoregulation of site microclimate, thermoregulation of building microclimate, and resistance to extreme influences. A matrix of correspondence between seven types of weather and the recommended architectural and construction solutions is compiled. Substantiation is provided for the order of accounting for the impact of macroclimate in the design process: from the analysis of background factors to the identification of extreme impacts and then the assessment of long-term climatic changes.