Abstract
This paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of the architecture of IoT monitoring systems in the mining industry. It examines the implementation of Internet of Things technologies to improve the efficiency of monitoring and control in an industrial environment. The focus is on ensuring safe working conditions, increasing productivity and environmental sustainability, as well as compliance with regulatory requirements. Furthermore, this article examines the current state of information technology in the mining industry, with a focus on the risks and consequences caused by outdated equipment, unreliable software, and the degree of digitalisation. This study discusses the integration of IoT technologies into existing information systems in the mining industry, enhancing their levels of security, efficiency and sustainability. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the creation of a phenomenological model of an IoT system architecture suitable for a wide range of operations in the mining industry. The study provides a detailed analysis of process optimisation and the operation of distributed sensor systems that collect, process and analyse critical data in real time. Based on the information obtained, well-founded decisions are made regarding the implementation of intelligent monitoring and control systems designed to ensure sustainable operations.