Abstract
In the Republic of Kazakhstan, cases of anthrax infection in humans and animals are registered relatively frequently. The main risk factor for the unfavorable epizootic situation is the numerous anthrax burial sites located in all regions of the republic. In this regard, at the present stage, there is a need to develop effective methods for the sanitation of soil and environmental objects in this infection. The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of the disinfectant «BA-12» in the decontamination of soil contaminated with the anthrax pathogen. Experimental studies on the decontamination of surface soil layers were conducted in the Zhualy District, located in the northwestern part of the Zhambyl Region, which is one of the most anthrax-unfavorable regions in the republic (epizooticity index - 0.40). A 20% working solution of the disinfectant «BA-12» was used for the decontamination of infected soil. A contaminated pasture area measuring 3 × 3 m was treated twice at an interval of 60 minutes. During the initial and repeated treatments, 270 L of the working solution was used for each treatment at a rate of 30 L/m² in accordance with the instructions for use. Upon completion of the experiment, soil samples were collected from the experimental site and submitted for commission examination to the Republican Reference Veterinary Laboratory. According to Test Report No. 4-S23R-135/G-79-02-01 dated October 18, 2023 (microscopy, bacteriology, PCR), the anthrax pathogen was not detected in any of the soil samples treated with the disinfectant BA-12. Overall, the study results demonstrated that double treatment of a site infected with B. anthracis using a 20% solution of the disinfectant «BA-12» ensured complete sanitation of the surface layers of contaminated soil.