Abstract
Abstract This review presents data from current research aimed at understanding the causes and risk factors for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), which encompasses a wide range of neurodevelopmental disorders with unclear etiologies. The relevance of this problem stems from the increasing prevalence of ASDs, the lack of a unifying theory of its etiopathogenesis, the polymorphism of its clinical forms, and the difficulty of diagnosing and treating this group of disorders. In this context, an important area of research is the analysis of the biological, medical, and behavioral aspects of ASD manifestations, as well as the search for predictors of autism development early in development and the development of multifactor and multidisciplinary models based on these predictors, drawing on advances in genomics, neurophysiology, neuroimaging, and artificial intelligence. The review materials may be useful to a wide range of specialists (physiology, medicine, psychology, special education) in developing strategies for the prevention and diagnosis of ASDs using innovative biomedical and digital technologies, personalized practical recommendations for supporting children with ASDs, and also serve as a basis for further fundamental and applied research on autism.