Abstract
This paper presents a study of the thermal stability of traditional external enclosing structures in hot climates, taking into account exposure to intense solar radiation. The objects of analysis are a wet facade and a mounted ventilated facade with an air space, widely used in the construction practice of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Calculations were performed for the climatic conditions of Shymkent city using a normative methodology to determine the amplitude of temperature fluctuations on the internal surface of the enclosure. It was found that, when exposed to extreme outdoor temperatures and solar radiation, the actual amplitude of temperature fluctuations exceeds the standard values, which leads to a decrease in thermal stability and an increase in heat gain into the premises. It is shown that the temperature of the external surface of the enclosures can reach 65-72°C, which significantly degrades the performance characteristics of traditional structures. Based on the conducted analysis, the use of the developed adaptive design of the external enclosure with an air space, ensuring increased energy efficiency and thermal stability, is justified. The simulation results showed that in winter, the internal surface temperature increases by 1.5-2.3°C, reducing heat loss by 12-18%. In summer, the external cladding temperature decreases by 3-5 °C, reducing heat gain by 8-14%. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed structural solution and can be used in the design of energy-efficient buildings in hot climates.