Abstract
Rare earth elements (REE) are critical materials for low-carbon energy systems and advanced technologies. This study presents an integrated geological, resource, and geo-economic assessment of the Kyzyltas REE occurrence (Central Kazakhstan), with a focus on yttrium. The analysis is based on geological, drilling, geochemical, and radiometric data from the Semeitau volcanic–tectonic system. Forecast resources were estimated using a volumetric method, yielding 7.74 Mt of ore with an average grade of 0.014% Y (~1, 077 t Y, P1–P2). Mineralisation is structurally controlled, lens-shaped, and discontinuous, resulting in significant geological uncertainty. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates strong dependence on grade, ore yield, and market conditions. The key limitation is the absence of mineralogical data on REE carriers, which constrains recovery assessment and economic modelling. Due to low grade, the occurrence is not suitable for standalone development but may contribute to regional supply chains under conditions of co-extraction and technological optimisation. The results provide a basis for further exploration and integration into circular economy frameworks.