Abstract
This paper critically examines transnational higher education (TNHE) in Indonesia, analyzing how cross-border educational provision shapes the higher education sector amid globalization pressures. Drawing on policy document analysis and internationalization frameworks, the paper explores TNHE's opportunities—institutional capacity enhancement, curriculum innovation, and access to internationally benchmarked programs—alongside challenges including regulatory ambiguity, quality assurance tensions, cultural misalignment, and elite concentration of access. Examining twinning programs, joint degrees, branch campuses, and franchise arrangements, the paper identifies governance gaps compromising educational quality. Policy innovations proposed include integrated quality assurance mechanisms, transparent accreditation protocols, culturally responsive curriculum incentives, and equity-focused funding models. Findings offer actionable insights for policymakers and partners advancing quality, cultural integrity, and inclusive access.