THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE INVESTIGATION OF CRIMES: LEGAL RISKS AND PROSPECTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

S.Z. Apparova, А.Р. Бижанова

2026

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DOI 10.51889/2959-6181.2026.84.2.008
Data confidence 70 medium
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Abstract

The article examines the legal and practical aspects of the use of artificial intelligence technologies in the investigation of criminal offenses. The relevance of the topic is due to the digitalization of public relations and the increasing complexity of the ways of committing crimes, which requires the introduction of modern technological solutions into the activities of law enforcement agencies. The purpose of the study is to analyze the possibilities of using artificial intelligence in criminal proceedings, identify related legal risks and identify prospects for improving the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan.The paper uses methods of legislative analysis, comparative legal research, systematic and formal legal analysis. The possibilities of using artificial intelligence in processing large amounts of data, analyzing video surveillance materials, identifying digital traces of criminal activity and investigating cybercrimes are being considered. The article examines the foreign experience of introducing intelligent systems into the activities of law enforcement agencies, as well as the current state of legal regulation in the Republic of Kazakhstan.The results of the study show that the use of artificial intelligence contributes to improving the effectiveness of investigations through automated information analysis, establishing relationships between participants in criminal activity and improving mechanisms to counter cybercrime. At the same time, problems oflegal regulation have been identified related to the lack of a clear procedural status of the results of the work of intelligent systems, issues of the admissibility of digital evidence, the distribution of responsibility for algorithmic errors and ensuring the protection of human rights.It is concluded that at the present stage, the results of the functioning of artificial intelligence systems cannot be considered as independent evidence in criminal cases and should be used exclusively as an auxiliary tool with mandatory human control. The necessity of further improving the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in terms of determining the legal status of digital evidence, introducing mechanisms for independent audit of algorithmic systems and strengthening guarantees for the protection of citizens' rights and freedoms when using artificial intelligence technologies in law enforcement is substantiated.