ACUTE LEUKEMIA IN CHILDREN UNDER ONE YEAR OF AGE: RESULTS AND OUTCOMES OF TREATMENT

A. Saduova, Ж.О. Оспанова, A. Bazarbayeva, A.B. Tulebayeva

2026

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DOI 10.52532/10.52532/3135-4823-2026-2-70-76
Data confidence 70 medium
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Abstract

Relevance:Infant leukemia belongs to a group of diseases with an extremely unfavorable prognosis due to the high frequency of aggressive molecular genetic abnormalities and the administration of intensive chemotherapy.The study aimed to evaluate treatment outcomes in infant leukemia and analyze factors affecting disease prognosis.Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of treatment outcomes was conducted in 16 chil-dren under one year of age diagnosed with acute leukemia. The diagnosis was established based on comprehensive examinations, including morphological, immunological, and cytogenetic studies. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive methods in Microsoft Excel.Results: The study included 12 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 4 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The L1 subtype was identified in 8 patients (50%), and the L2 subtype in 4 patients (25%). The M7 subtype (acute megakaryoblastic leukemia) was diagnosed in 3 patients (18.75%), whereas the M4 subtype (acute myelomonocytic leukemia) was identified in 1 patient (6.25%). According to risk stratification, 11 patients (92%) with ALL were classified as high risk, and 1 patient was assigned to the standard-risk group. Two children with AML associated with Down syndrome were classified as standard-risk, while the remaining two AML patients were as-signed to the high-risk group. Treatment was administered according to various clinical protocols. Complete remission in ALL was achieved in 3 patients (27.3%). In the AML group, 3 patients (75%) achieved remission. Disease relapse was observed exclusively among ALL patients and occurred in 5 children (45.5%).Conclusion: Despite the small sample size, the results of our study indicate that the clinical course and treatment outcomes of acute leukemia in children under one year of age remain worse compared with older age groups.