Abstract
The increasing scale of mining operations and anthropogenic impact on the geological environment make it necessary to ensure the safety of complex engineering structures such as open pits and spoil heaps. Deformation processes at these sites are highly dynamic and require rapid and accurate monitoring of their spatial position. Therefore, improving geodetic monitoring methods remains a priority research and practical task. This study aims to analyses the current state of remote geodetic monitoring methods for technogenic objects, identify their limitations, and determine promising directions for further development. A review and comparative analysis of domestic and international publications was carried out for satellite technologies, ground-based laser scanning (GLS), unmanned aerial systems, and satellite radar interferometry. The analysis showed that each method has specific advantages and limitations. GNSS provides high accuracy but is limited to discrete observation points. GLS delivers high-precision digital data for the visible surface of an object but is constrained by measurement range and survey conditions. UAS provide detailed areal information but are limited by observation frequency and accuracy. InSAR enables retrospective deformation analysis but is affected by atmospheric and geometric distortions. None of the considered methods is universal; therefore, their integrated application is the most promising direction.