Abstract
This article comprehensively examines the importance of physics in the formation of students' personal development within the framework of the main priorities and goals of the education system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It analyzes the methodological foundations of teaching physics, as well as the role of physical problems in the development of cognitive, logical and creative abilities. The article considers the place of logical problems in the educational process using the method of differentiated learning. The influence of logical problems on increasing learning motivation, strengthening interdisciplinary connections and deep mastery of knowledge is analyzed. Methodological ways of effectively introducing logical problems in the process of differentiated learning are also proposed. The article shows that solving physical problems is not limited to mastering theory, but also allows students to apply it in practice, improve scientific thinking and deepen their polytechnic knowledge. In addition, the types of solving physics problems and models of modern technologies used in their teaching are described, and methodological recommendations are given aimed at improving the quality of teaching. The material can be an important practical tool for current teachers and future teachers. During the study, tasks of different levels were given in practical lessons, and their effectiveness was relatively evaluated. As a result, it was found that the use of logical problems through the method of differentiated learning allows students to improve the quality of education, improve critical thinking skills, and increase interest in the subject. This approach is an important tool in improving the quality of general education, ensuring the personal development of students, and forming the skills of the 21st century.