Abstract
The relevance of this study lies in the fact that rapid urbanization along the Yesil River has led to increased loading on riverbank retaining walls, posing significant challenges to their structural stability. The objective of this study is to apply advanced numerical modeling techniques using Plaxis 2D to analyze the deformation behavior of retaining walls under complex loading conditions and to evaluate their performance both with and without anchoring systems.The novelty of this study lies in its consideration of real-world loading scenarios, including hydrostatic pressure and urban-induced surcharges, alongside a comparative analysis of retaining wall configurations with and without anchoring systems. The simulation results demonstrated that the horizontal displacement of the retaining wall was only 2 cm, indicating a high level of structural stability even in the absence of an anchoring system. Under the given conditions, the implementation of a non-anchored design proved to be both technically sound and economically efficient. These findings underscore the importance of a comprehensive approach to the design of coastal protection structures, taking into account both natural factors and anthropogenic impacts.