Abstract
Modern requirements for internal combustion engines (ICE) imply not only high power and efficiency indicators, but also compliance with environmental standards for the level of emissions of harmful substances. One of the promising areas for improving the performance characteristics of ICE is the use of fuel additives that can improve the quality of fuel combustion, reduce the formation of deposits and reduce the wear of engine components. This paper examines the effect of various types of fuel additives on the operation of a gasoline engine with direct injection. The study was conducted using both laboratory and numerical modeling methods. The engine operating parameters were analyzed using fuel without additives, as well as with additives in various concentrations. The following parameters were evaluated: specific fuel consumption, temperature and dynamic operating modes, combustion stability, content of nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbons (CH) and carbon monoxide (CO) in exhaust gase. The results showed that certain additive formulations help to increase the completeness of fuel mixture combustion, reduce exhaust toxicity, and increase engine life by improving the lubricating and cleaning properties of the fuel. Based on the data obtained, recommendations were developed for the optimal use of additives depending on engine operating conditions. The findings presented may be useful for both automakers and private users seeking to improve the efficiency and environmental friendliness of their vehicles.