Abstract
This paper discusses the main types of defects that arise during the production and processing of steel billets. It provides a classification of defects into surface and internal defects, and reveals the causes of their occurrence related to the processes of casting, heating, and rolling. Particular attention is paid to methods of quality control of billets and modern technologies for eliminating defects. Comparative characteristics of traditional and innovative methods are presented, including ultrasonic and magnetic testing, as well as the use of direct rolling. The results obtained allow us to formulate recommendations for improving the quality of billets and reducing production losses.