Abstract
Background: Preeclampsia is a multisystem hypertensive disorder associated with endothelial dysfunction and vascular damage.Ocular manifestations, including retinal and visual pathway changes, may reflect disease severity and maternal-fetal risks.Objective: To review ocular manifestations of preeclampsia, their pathophysiological mechanisms, and the clinical value of ophthalmologic assessment.Methods: A narrative review of PubMed-indexed studies on ocular changes in preeclampsia, eclampsia, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and HELLP syndrome was conducted.Data on visual symptoms, retinal findings, and diagnostic approaches were analyzed.Results: Ocular symptoms occur in approximately 25-40% of patients and include blurred vision, photopsia, visual loss, and scotomas.Common retinal findings include arteriolar narrowing, hemorrhages, cotton-wool spots, and papilledema.Ocular abnormalities are more frequent in severe preeclampsia and correlate with blood pressure elevation and proteinuria.Conclusion: Ocular manifestations are important indicators of vascular dysfunction in preeclampsia.Ophthalmologic evaluation may improve disease assessment and support timely maternal and fetal management.