Abstract
The article analyzes the adaptation of human capital in Kazakhstan to the challenges of an AI-driven digital economy. A theoretical framework is developed to understand how digital transformation and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies demand new competencies and continuous learning from the workforce. A literature review highlights global findings that human capital – encompassing skills, knowledge, and adaptability – is a decisive factor in successful AI adoption and innovation. The paper discusses Kazakhstan’s digital initiatives, including large-scale AI education programs and policy reforms, in the context of this theoretical background. Key findings indicate that Kazakhstan has made significant strides (e.g., integrating AI into university curricula and launching nationwide digital skills training) to align its human capital with the needs of the digital economy. Practical recommendations are offered to promote continuous skills development, strengthen public-private cooperation in education, and create a favorable environment for innovation to develop human capital, ensuring that Kazakhstan’s workforce can successfully adapt and contribute to economic growth and development in the digital age of AI.