Abstract
Offshore oil production involves high-pressure hydrocarbon systems, unpredictable weather, and complex organisations.This makes it one of the most challenging environments for safety management.The industry has developed many risk assessment methods over decades, but major accidents still occur.This indicates problems not with lacking methods, but with their selection, application, and integration.This paper reviews risk assessment methods in offshore oil production, covering occupational and process safety.It examines qualitative, semi-quantitative, quantitative, and dynamic probabilistic approaches in offshore settings.The review assesses their contributions and limitations in safety decisions.Key issues include: rare coherent use of qualitative and quantitative methods; marginal role of human and organisational factors in probabilistic models; and weak links between risk outputs and operations like barrier management and maintenance.A trend towards dynamic, real-time risk models better captures evolving risks.The paper proposes a framework to integrate methods across risk assessment stages, linking them to barrier management and organisational decisions.