Abstract
Introduction. The article emphasizes the role of ultrasound (US) in the early detection of congenital developmental defects (CDD), particularly those crucial for the health and life of the future child. Focus is placed on the importance of screening in the first trimester of pregnancy to identify serious anomalies such as congenital heart defects (CHD). Purpose. To illuminate the current state and future prospects of using US in the first trimester for diagnosing CDD, underscoring the significance of this approach for improving pregnancy outcomes and newborn health. Materials and Methods. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The review covers retrospective and prospective studies published in medical journals, with an emphasis on the sensitivity and specificity of US. Results and Discussion. Results of data analysis on the sensitivity and specificity of US in various studies are presented, along with a discussion on the impact of specialist qualifications and equipment quality on diagnostic accuracy. Technical capabilities and limitations of US, as well as the prospects for developing prenatal screening techniques, are considered. Conclusion. US in the first trimester is a crucial tool for the early detection of CDD. Further improvement of US methods, specialist training, and standardization of research protocols are needed to enhance screening efficiency.