Abstract
A BSTRACT Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a leading cause of disability worldwide and are associated with significant activity limitations and reduced quality of life. Understanding the relationship between functional impairment and accessibility of medical and social care is essential for improving health outcomes in this population. Methods: This narrative review was conducted using the PubMed database, covering publications from 2015 to 2025. A total of 28 studies were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A qualitative thematic synthesis was applied to analyze activity limitations, accessibility of care, and related barriers. Results: Activity limitations were most commonly identified in mobility, self-care, and participation domains. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) provides a comprehensive framework for assessing disability, emphasizing the interaction between health conditions and contextual factors. Accessibility of care is determined by physical, economic, organizational, and informational dimensions. Major barriers include structural limitations, fragmented healthcare systems, social stigma, and insufficient professional training. Discussion: The findings highlight the need for an integrated biopsychosocial approach to disability assessment and management. Improving accessibility requires coordinated efforts across healthcare systems, social services, and policy frameworks. Strengthening rehabilitation services and implementing the ICF in practice are essential for reducing activity limitations and enhancing quality of life. Addressing these challenges is critical for reducing inequalities and improving functional outcomes in individuals with musculoskeletal disabilities.